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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Ningwei Hu1, Shan Wei1, Liangjun Dang1

  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High total cholesterol and LDL-c levels, along with low triglyceride levels, are linked to cognitive decline in individuals over 65. These findings suggest dyslipidemia may accelerate cognitive decline in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Dyslipidemia is a known risk factor for cognitive impairments.
  • The specific impact of serum lipid levels on cognitive decline (CD) remained undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between baseline serum lipid levels and cognitive decline over a 4-year period.
  • To explore the influence of age as an interaction effect on these associations.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study initiated in 2014 with follow-ups in 2016 and 2018.
  • Cognitive function assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); CD defined as a ≥2 point drop.
  • Serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c) categorized into three levels (Q1, Q2-Q3, Q4) based on quantiles.
  • Multivariate logistic regression, interaction effect, and subgroup analyses (<65 vs. ≥65 years) were employed.

Main Results:

  • 1,349 participants analyzed; 17.05% experienced CD.
  • In participants <65 years, no significant associations between lipid levels and CD were found.
  • In participants ≥65 years, high TC and LDL-c (Q4) and low TG (Q1) were associated with CD.
  • High TC (≥5.61 mmol/L) increased CD risk (OR=2.519), with a significant age interaction (OR=2.202).
  • Low TG (≤1.03 mmol/L) decreased CD risk (OR=0.318), with a significant age interaction (OR=0.344).
  • High LDL-c (≥3.81 mmol/L) increased CD risk (OR=2.367), with a significant age interaction (OR=2.237).

Conclusions:

  • In individuals over 65, elevated baseline TC and LDL-c, and reduced baseline TG are associated with cognitive decline.
  • These lipid profiles may accelerate cognitive decline in the elderly population.
  • Targeting dyslipidemia could be a strategy to mitigate cognitive decline in older adults.