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Clinical Manifestations.

Sophie Pellerin1,2, Simona Maria Brambati3,4

  • 1University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) shows subtle connected speech (CS) changes, particularly in lexical and semantic areas. Network analysis reveals SCD as an intermediate stage between healthy aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

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Area of Science:

  • Neurolinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is associated with widespread connected speech (CS) changes.
  • The CS profile and its relationship to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression in Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) remain unclear.
  • SCD may represent an earlier stage of AD than MCI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare CS features and their relationships in individuals with SCD to those in controls and individuals with MCI.
  • To investigate the role of CS in the early stages of the AD continuum.

Main Methods:

  • Extracted 30 CS features (fluency, lexical, syntactic) using Natural Language Processing.
  • Compared CS features across groups (controls, SCD, MCI) using ANCOVA.
  • Constructed CS networks for each group using Gaussian Graphical Models.

Main Results:

  • SCD exhibited increased speech rate and lower local coherence compared to controls and MCI.
  • Network analysis indicated altered node strength centralities in SCD compared to controls and MCI.
  • Prominent edges in the SCD network showed increased, decreased, or intermediate weights compared to other groups.

Conclusions:

  • Subtle CS changes in SCD are primarily in lexical and semantic domains.
  • SCD represents an intermediate stage between healthy aging and MCI.
  • Network analysis provides deeper insights into CS in early AD continuum stages.