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Clinical Manifestations.

Sara Becker1,2, Baeleigh VanderZwaag3,4, Hawra Al-Khaz'Alya1,2

  • 1University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study found no evidence that childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are more common in older adults with Parkinson's disease (PD) or that ADHD is linked to Lewy Body Disease (LBD). ADHD is not suggested as an early stage or risk factor for LBD.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Emerging research suggests a link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and Lewy Body Disease (LBD) later in life.
  • Individuals with LBD often report ADHD symptoms earlier in life, prompting further investigation into this association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of childhood ADHD symptoms in older adults diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • To assess early markers of LBD in older adults with ADHD.
  • To determine if ADHD is an early indicator or risk factor for LBD.

Main Methods:

  • Adult participants (40+) were recruited from Calgary, Alberta, including groups with ADHD, PD, and controls.
  • Standardized assessments included cognitive tests, ADHD symptom scales (childhood symptoms), depression inventory, autonomic dysfunction, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) inventory, and smell identification tests.
  • Group differences were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis H or Chi-square tests.

Main Results:

  • The ADHD group reported significantly more childhood inattention and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms compared to PD and control groups.
  • Participants with PD showed higher rates of autonomic dysfunction (salivation, constipation) and worse olfactory function than the ADHD and control groups.
  • Probable REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) was more prevalent in the PD group (53.1%) compared to the ADHD (22.9%) and control (12.5%) groups.

Conclusions:

  • The study found no increased prevalence of childhood ADHD symptoms in individuals with PD.
  • No evidence suggests that ADHD is an early stage or risk factor for LBD.
  • The findings do not support a pathophysiological link between ADHD and LBD.