Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

520
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
520
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

299
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
299
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

364
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
364
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

436
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
436
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

652
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
652
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

437
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
437

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Music as a scientific metaphor for mind and brain.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

Correction: The role of brain health and resilience in reshaping trajectories of late-life neuropsychiatric disorders.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Evaluation of perception towards brain health in Nigeria: Results from a nationwide awareness survey.

Journal of public health in Africa·2026
Same author

Sociodemographic variables as predictors of antidepressant treatment outcome in major depressive disorder.

Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)·2026
Same author

Association of apolipoprotein E variants on Alzheimer's disease in Latin America: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Plasma ATN biomarkers across the alzheimer's disease continuum in a Chilean community- and clinic-based cohort.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2026
Same journal

Breaking barriers: Enhancing access to dementia clinical trials in the United Kingdom-Insights from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Dame Barbara Windsor Dementia Goals Programme.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Unveiling the procoagulant state in Alzheimer's disease: A novel PET imaging strategy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Estimated labor market outcomes of people progressing from preclinical to early-stage Alzheimer's disease in the United States.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Amyloid exacerbates tau and alpha-synuclein pathologies, behavioral impairments, and neuroinflammation in a mixed dementia model.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

16.4K

Clinical Manifestations.

Gregory Brown1,2, Diego Bustamante-Paytan1, Maria Fe Albujar-Pereira1

  • 1Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Lima, Peru.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive screening tests like MMSE and RUDAS show lower scores in low-education individuals, despite similar brain health. This highlights the need for culturally adapted tools to avoid misclassifying cognitive impairment.

More Related Videos

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

20.7K
Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
09:08

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

6.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

16.4K
Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

20.7K
Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
09:08

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

6.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive assessment in older adults with low education presents challenges due to task requirements.
  • Standard screening tools like MMSE and RUDAS may lack validity across diverse educational and cultural backgrounds.
  • The relationship between education and cognitive impairment requires further investigation to distinguish pathology from assessment bias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cognitive assessments and structural brain imaging in healthy older adults with varying education levels in urban Peru.
  • To determine if educational disparities impact cognitive test performance independently of underlying brain structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 90 low-education (≤6 years) and 90 higher-education (>6 years) cognitively healthy individuals, matched for age and sex.
  • Administered the Peruvian version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and assessed activities of daily living (CDR=0).
  • Conducted volumetric MRI (T1/T2) and assessed neurodegeneration (GCA, ERICA, MTA, KOEDAM) and white matter hyperintensities (FASEKAS).

Main Results:

  • Individuals with low education scored significantly lower on the MMSE compared to those with higher education (p<0.001).
  • Despite cognitive score differences, MRI metrics showed no significant differences between education groups (p>0.28).
  • Levels of impairment in activities of daily living were similar across both education groups (p=0.35).

Conclusions:

  • Low education is associated with significantly lower scores on MMSE and RUDAS in urban Peruvians, irrespective of brain structure and function.
  • Current cognitive screening tools may misclassify healthy, low-education individuals as cognitively impaired due to educational disparities.
  • Culturally and educationally adapted cognitive screening tools are essential for accurate assessment in diverse populations.