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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Hyun-Ju Yang1, Jae Min Song2

  • 1Jeju national University hospital School of medicine, Jeju-si, Korea, Republic of (South).

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and cognitive decline. Specific WMH locations near ventricles impact executive function and memory in AD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are prevalent in the elderly and implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.
  • The precise clinical significance and predictive value of WMH in AD remain incompletely understood.
  • Understanding WMH distribution relative to ventricular surfaces may offer insights into cognitive function in AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if WMH predict the onset of AD.
  • To investigate the relationship between WMH location (distance from the ventricular surface) and cognitive performance in individuals with AD.
  • To analyze the association between WMH volume and cognitive deficits in AD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 171 AD patients and 112 cognitively normal (NC) individuals were recruited.
  • Participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments, including brain MRI, neuropsychological testing (CEARD-K battery), and genetic analysis.
  • WMH volume was quantified using automated methods (SPM, MATLAB), and WMH were categorized by proximity to the ventricular surface. Logarithmic transformation was applied to skewed WMH volume data.

Main Results:

  • The AD group exhibited significantly higher mean WMH volumes (20.7±18.2 ml) compared to the NC group (6.8±8.1 ml; p < 0.001).
  • Logistic regression revealed that total WMH volume, periventricular WMH (PVWMH), and deep WMH (DWMH) were associated with AD risk.
  • In AD patients, total WMH and juxtaventricular WMH (JVWMH) volumes correlated with poorer performance in executive function and memory tests, while PVWMH was linked to executive function and immediate recall deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Total WMH, JVWMH, and PVWMH are independently associated with executive function, immediate memory, and working memory deficits in AD, irrespective of hippocampal atrophy.
  • WMH contribute to AD risk and cognitive dysfunction, with effects varying based on their location relative to the ventricular surface.
  • The spatial distribution of WMH provides differential insights into cognitive impairment within the context of Alzheimer's disease.