Biodegradation of phthalate esters by microalgae: A comprehensive review

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Biotechnology
• Ecotoxicology

Background:

• Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used plasticizers with significant environmental persistence and toxicity.
• PAE exposure is linked to adverse health effects, including endocrine disruption and reproductive issues.
• Effective bioremediation strategies are crucial for mitigating PAE pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the persistence of PAEs in ecosystems.
• To explore microalgal biodegradation techniques for PAE removal.
• To highlight the potential of microalgae in environmental management and sustainable development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on PAE persistence and microalgal degradation.
• Analysis of microalgal metabolic pathways involved in PAE breakdown.
• Assessment of microalgae as a bioremediation tool.

Main Results:

• Microalgae possess metabolic capabilities for degrading PAEs.
• Underlying mechanisms of PAE degradation by microalgae are elucidated.
• Microalgae demonstrate efficient and low-energy PAE detoxification.

Conclusions:

• Microalgae represent a promising ecological strategy for PAE bioremediation.
• Microalgal degradation contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 11.
• This approach offers a sustainable pathway for reducing environmental contamination.