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Controllable X-ray density calibration: A safe replacement for Cs-137 radioactive source.

Jilin Fan1, Jiawei Zhang2, Qiong Zhang3

  • 1University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China; China National Logging Corporation, China.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study replaces uncontrollable Cesium-137 (Cs-137) sources with controllable X-ray sources for formation density logging. A Monte Carlo simulation and conversion model demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of this safer, more versatile alternative.

Keywords:
Density calibrationNumerical simulationSpectrum analysisX-ray source

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Nuclear Well Logging
  • Radiation Safety

Background:

  • Traditional formation density logging relies on Cesium-137 (Cs-137) radioactive sources, posing challenges in control, radiation hazards, and application scope.
  • The need for safer and more controllable logging technologies is critical for the oil and gas industry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a technical approach for replacing Cs-137 sources with controllable X-ray sources in formation density logging.
  • To develop a conversion model for accurately translating density calibration formulas between Cs-137 and X-ray logging tools.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Monte Carlo simulations to model X-ray logging tools and analyze energy spectrum characteristics.
  • Establishing density calibration formulas for X-ray energies and source-detector spacings.
  • Developing a composite functional relationship to link X-ray energy, spacing, and correlation coefficients.
  • Inverse solving for equivalent X-ray parameters by matching Cs-137 calibration formula coefficients.

Main Results:

  • The Monte Carlo simulation successfully modeled the X-ray logging tool and analyzed its energy spectrum.
  • Optimal energy windows and density calibration formulas were determined for various X-ray conditions.
  • A conversion model was established, achieving a calibration coefficient error of less than 1% across diverse lithologies.
  • The study validated the accuracy and feasibility of using X-ray sources as a replacement for Cs-137.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed X-ray based formation density logging offers a controllable, safer, and accurate alternative to traditional Cs-137 methods.
  • The developed conversion model provides a robust theoretical foundation and engineering methodology for implementing radioactive source replacement technology.
  • This advancement enhances radiation safety and expands the application scope of formation density logging tools.