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Robust Medusa effect across facial manipulations.

Jing Han1, Kyoshiro Sasaki2, Fumiya Yonemitsu3

  • 1Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Cognition
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PubMed
Summary

The Medusa effect shows that indirect visual representations, like a photo of a photo, reduce perceived mind attribution compared to direct photos. This effect holds true across various facial stimuli and manipulations, impacting judgments of agency and experience.

Keywords:
Face recognitionFeature processingHolistic processingMedusa effectMind perception

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Visual representations influence mind perception.
  • The Medusa effect describes reduced mind attribution for indirectly presented individuals (e.g., photo of a photo, L2) versus directly presented individuals (e.g., photo, L1).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the robustness and generalizability of the Medusa effect.
  • To examine the effect of cultural origin and facial manipulations on mind perception.

Main Methods:

  • Eight experiments were conducted using direct (L1) and nested (L2) facial representations.
  • Stimuli included novel Asian and artificial faces, with manipulations like inversion, masks, sunglasses, and spatial scrambling.
  • Participants judged agency, experience, and realness.

Main Results:

  • Participants consistently attributed less mind to L2 representations than L1.
  • The Medusa effect was observed for both human and artificial faces.
  • The effect persisted across all tested facial manipulations, including inversion and scrambling.

Conclusions:

  • Mind perception is significantly influenced by the structural presentation of a face, not just its content.
  • The representational level, introduced by additional depiction layers, plays a crucial role in how we perceive others' minds.