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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Assessing Mineral Availability in Fish Feeds using Complementary Methods Demonstrated with the Example of Zinc in Atlantic Salmon
Published on: October 29, 2021
Manganese supplementation in aquafeed: Current knowledge, research gaps, and future prospects for growth and health
Rubina Hayat1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah1, Mahroze Fatima2
1Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Abstract:
Trace elements are important for improving the productivity and health of aquatic animals. Manganese (Mn) is a micronutrient that supports various physiological functions. It plays a key role in enzyme production, hormone formation, the immune response, reproductive processes, metabolic activity and antioxidant functions. Some aquafeed ingredients naturally provide Mn to meet the requirements of aquatic animals, but supplementation may be necessary for optimal growth. However, both excess and deficiency of Mn can disrupt metabolic functions and overall health. This review evaluates the role of Mn supplementation in the feed of fishes and crustaceans in improving growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant defense, tissue accumulation, proximate composition and enzyme activity.
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