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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

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Published on: September 20, 2018

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Clinical Manifestations.

Jennifer R Gatchel1,2,3, Kexin Yu4, Phebe Palmer5,6

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma biomarkers like p-tau217, NfL, and GFAP show distinct associations with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in early Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Phospho-tau217 plays a key role in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Research
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are prevalent in early Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD), impacting cognitive and functional decline.
  • The underlying neurobiology and prognostic markers for NPS in ADRD remain poorly understood.
  • This study investigates the link between baseline plasma biomarkers and the longitudinal progression of NPS in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine associations between plasma biomarkers (p-tau217, NfL, GFAP) and longitudinal NPS trajectories.
  • To differentiate biomarker signatures for affective versus overall NPS.
  • To understand the prognostic value of plasma biomarkers in predicting NPS over the course of ADRD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of plasma samples from cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants.
  • Assay of baseline plasma biomarkers: phospho-tau217 (p-tau217), neurofilament-light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
  • Longitudinal assessment of NPS using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) over 7-8 years.
  • Linear mixed-effects models to analyze biomarker associations with NPS changes over time, controlling for age and sex.

Main Results:

  • In cognitively normal individuals, NfL and GFAP predicted changes in depressive symptoms (GDS-15).
  • In mild cognitive impairment, p-tau217 and NfL were linked to depressive symptoms, while all three biomarkers (p-tau217, NfL, GFAP) predicted increased overall NPS (NPI-Q).
  • Phospho-tau217 emerged as the most significant predictor for overall NPS in the MCI group.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma biomarker associations with NPS differ across the early ADRD spectrum.
  • Phospho-tau217 plays a central role in predicting NPS at the mild cognitive impairment stage.
  • Biomarker signatures can differentiate affective versus broader neuropsychiatric symptoms, offering prognostic insights.