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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Chi Zhang1, Jingping Shi1, Minjie Tian1

  • 1Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrocerebellogram (ECeG) analysis reveals altered brainwave patterns and connectivity in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. These ECeG changes, particularly in delta and theta bands, show promise for early detection of cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • The cerebellum's role in cognition is increasingly recognized, yet overlooked in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.
  • Cerebellar involvement in memory, learning, and executive functions is mediated via cerebro-cerebellar circuits.
  • Current AD diagnostics primarily focus on the cerebrum, neglecting the cerebellum's potential contribution to early detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate electrocerebellogram (ECeG) characteristics in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients across different disease stages.
  • To identify sensitive ECeG biomarkers for the early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.
  • To explore alterations in cerebellar electrical activity and cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 31 healthy controls (HC), 40 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 16 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
  • Utilized 71-channel electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocerebellogram (ECeG) for continuous resting-state recordings.
  • Analyzed spectral changes in ECeG and functional connectivity between the cerebellum and cerebrum across groups.

Main Results:

  • Reduced delta (δ) band power in the cerebellum was observed in the MCI group compared to HC and AD groups.
  • Increased theta (θ) band power was found in both MCI and AD groups relative to HC.
  • Enhanced functional connectivity between the cerebellum and frontal/parieto-occipital lobes was noted in the MCI group.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in ECeG delta and theta frequency bands show potential as sensitive biomarkers for MCI detection.
  • Changes in cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity may also aid in identifying early-stage cognitive impairment.
  • ECeG analysis offers a promising avenue for early diagnosis and understanding of Alzheimer's disease progression.