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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Monica Rosselli1,2, Warren W Barker2,3, Merike Lang1

  • 1Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are linked to neurodegeneration, with age and brain atrophy being key predictors, not cardiovascular risk factors. This study found no ethnic differences in WMHs or their predictors between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Dementia Research

Background:

  • White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia.
  • Limited research exists on ethno-racial disparities in WMH volume related to cardiovascular (CV) risk factors or AD pathology.
  • Hispanics are underrepresented in U.S. studies examining WMH severity across ethnic groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze demographic, cultural, CV risk factors, and AD biomarkers in predicting WMH severity.
  • To compare WMH severity and its predictors between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White (Non-HW) populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 1Florida ADRC study, including 252 Hispanics and 172 Non-HW participants across cognitive statuses.
  • Employed linear regression models with visual WMH volume as the dependent variable.
  • Included ethnicity, age, sex, education, CV factors, brain atrophy, amyloid PET status, and plasma p-tau217 as independent variables; language proficiency and acculturation were specific to the Hispanic group.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in CV risk factors were found between ethnic groups.
  • In the overall sample, older age, positive amyloid PET status, elevated p-tau217, and greater hippocampal and cortical atrophy predicted higher WMH scores.
  • Age, hippocampal atrophy, and diffuse cortical atrophy were significant predictors in the total sample's multiple regression model; ethnicity was not a significant predictor.

Conclusions:

  • WMH severity is primarily predicted by age and measures of neurodegeneration (brain atrophy), rather than cardiovascular risk factors.
  • No significant differences in WMHs or CV risk factors were observed between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White individuals.
  • Findings suggest WMHs are associated with neurodegeneration across different ethnicities.