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Published on: September 20, 2018
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Clinical Manifestations
Batool M Rizvi1, Alexander Ivan B Posis1, Yi Lor1
1University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
Summary
Higher education is linked to brain structure and memory in older adults. For Black participants, more education meant larger hippocampi and better memory. For Hispanic participants, the link was complex, with smaller hippocampi.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Gerontology
- Cognitive Aging
Background:
- The relationship between education and brain health in very old, diverse populations is not well understood.
- Previous research has not fully explored how education impacts hippocampal volume and verbal episodic memory (VEM) across different racial and ethnic groups in individuals aged 90 and above.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between educational attainment and hippocampal volume in adults aged 90+.
- To determine if hippocampal volume mediates the relationship between education and VEM across diverse racial and ethnic groups.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the LifeAfter90 cohort, including participants aged 90 years and older.
- Categorized education into three levels: high school or less, some college/college, and graduate.
- Assessed VEM using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Scales and measured hippocampal volumes via 3T MRI, analyzing associations using linear regressions stratified by race and ethnicity.
Main Results:
- Higher education (graduate level) was associated with increased hippocampal volume in Black participants but decreased hippocampal volume in Hispanic participants.
- No significant association between education and hippocampal volume was found in White or Asian participants.
- Hippocampal volume mediated the link between higher education and memory performance in both Black and Hispanic individuals, though the nature of mediation differed.
Conclusions:
- Educational attainment influences brain health outcomes in late-life, with notable differences observed across racial and ethnic groups.
- Findings suggest that Black older adults benefit from higher education through increased hippocampal volume, while Hispanic older adults may experience complex or suppressed effects, potentially relying on cognitive reserve.
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