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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Biomarkers.

Rafael Angel Villino-Rodríguez1, Mario Riverol2, Fernando Minguez3

  • 1University Clinica of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A specific brain metabolism pattern, LATE-like (medial temporal hypometabolism), is common in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This pattern indicates slower progression to Alzheimer's dementia compared to typical AD patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Medial temporal hypometabolism on FDG-PET suggests Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy (LATE).
  • Understanding LATE's incidence and characteristics in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is crucial for differential diagnosis.
  • This study investigates LATE-like patterns in MCI patients, comparing them with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and mixed patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of LATE-like patterns in MCI patients using FDG-PET.
  • To characterize clinical features, amyloid burden, and cognitive decline in MCI patients with LATE-like patterns.
  • To compare the rate of conversion to AD dementia among different FDG-PET patterns.

Main Methods:

  • 207 MCI patients underwent FDG-PET and amyloid PET imaging with clinical follow-up.
  • FDG-PET scans were classified into LATE-like, AD, and mixed patterns.
  • Statistical analyses compared clinical data, amyloid burden (Centiloid scale), and conversion rates to AD dementia.

Main Results:

  • LATE-like patterns were identified in 10.6% of MCI patients.
  • LATE-like patients exhibited higher MMSE scores, lower amyloid positivity, and lower Centiloid values.
  • Conversion to AD dementia was significantly slower in the LATE-like group compared to AD and mixed groups.

Conclusions:

  • The LATE-like FDG-PET pattern is a notable finding in MCI, present in over 10% of cases.
  • This pattern is associated with preserved cognitive function, reduced amyloid burden, and a slower disease trajectory.
  • Distinguishing LATE-like patterns is vital for accurate prognosis and management of MCI patients.