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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Shilin Luo1, Hui Liu1, Tingting Xiao1

  • 1Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma PPP2R5C shows promise as a novel biomarker for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. This protein

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Early intervention is crucial for managing Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Identifying reliable early diagnostic biomarkers is essential for effective AD intervention.
  • Current diagnostic methods may not capture the earliest stages of AD pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel protein biomarkers in neuron-derived exosomes (NDEs) for early AD detection.
  • To validate the diagnostic potential of identified biomarkers in larger patient cohorts.
  • To elucidate the mechanistic role of a key biomarker in AD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomics analysis of NDEs from familial AD (FAD), pre-FAD, and cognitively normal (CN) individuals.
  • Validation using targeted mass spectrometry and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sporadic AD and mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) cohorts.
  • In vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the mechanism of PPP2R5C in AD pathology, including interactions with Tau and autophagy pathways.

Main Results:

  • Decreased levels of PPP2R5C protein were observed in NDEs and plasma across AD progression (FAD < pre-FAD < CN and AD < aMCI < CN).
  • Plasma PPP2R5C demonstrated significant diagnostic accuracy for AD (AUC=0.84) and aMCI (AUC=0.74).
  • PPP2R5C interacts with Tau, reducing its total and phosphorylated levels, and influences autophagy via ULK1.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma PPP2R5C is a potential novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
  • PPP2R5C plays a role in AD pathogenesis, potentially through Tau interaction and modulation of autophagy.
  • Further research into PPP2R5C could lead to improved early diagnostic strategies for AD.