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Allergic sensitization in asthma and COPD in the NOVELTY study
Christer Janson1, Andrei Malinovschi2, Magnus Borres3
1Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Reserch, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Respiratory Medicine
|December 25, 2025
Summary
Allergic sensitization is common in asthma and COPD. It is linked to more severe asthma but milder COPD, highlighting its varied role in airway diseases and potential for personalized treatment.
Area of Science:
- Investigating the immunological underpinnings of respiratory diseases.
- Exploring the clinical significance of allergic sensitization in airway obstruction.
Background:
- Allergic sensitization is a key feature of asthma, contributing to disease severity.
- The role and impact of allergic sensitization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-COPD overlap remain less understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of allergic sensitization in asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap.
- To examine the associations between allergic sensitization and disease severity, lung function, exacerbations, and health status within these patient groups.
- To analyze demographic and regional variations in allergic sensitization.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of the multinational NOVELTY cohort (n=5389).
- Assessment of specific IgE (sIgE) to 11 common aeroallergens.
- Statistical modeling (mixed-effects multivariable regression) adjusted for key covariates.
Main Results:
- Allergic sensitization prevalence was 56% in asthma, 36% in asthma+COPD, and 19% in COPD.
- In asthma, sensitization correlated with increased severity and reduced lung function (FEV1).
- Conversely, in COPD, sensitization was linked to higher FEV1 and milder disease; women and Asian populations showed lower sensitization rates.
Conclusions:
- Allergic sensitization exhibits distinct clinical associations in asthma versus COPD.
- Findings suggest allergic sensitization influences disease phenotype differently across these conditions.
- These insights support personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for airway diseases.
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