Clinical Manifestations
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.A new GPT-4o framework accurately stages cognitive impairment (CI) using electronic health records, outperforming existing models. This AI tool aids dementia diagnosis but requires human oversight for safe clinical use.
Area Of Science
- Artificial Intelligence
- Natural Language Processing
- Medical Informatics
Background
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) pose public health challenges, necessitating accurate cognitive impairment (CI) diagnosis.
- Electronic health records (EHRs) contain valuable CI data within unstructured clinical notes.
- Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4o offer potential for analyzing EHR data for CI identification and staging.
Purpose Of The Study
- To develop and evaluate a GPT-4o-powered framework for CI staging and automated Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scoring using EHR data.
- To compare the performance of the GPT-4o framework against traditional NLP and embedding-based models for CI classification.
Main Methods
- A GPT-4o framework was developed for CI staging, incorporating data querying, feature extraction, and classification on 1002 Medicare patients.
- GPT-4o generated multi-note summaries and performed ordinal CI classification with confidence levels.
- Automated CDR scoring was achieved using structured answer templates, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and CDR domain counts with confidence levels.
Main Results
- The GPT-4o framework demonstrated high accuracy in CI staging (weighted Cohen's kappa = 0.95, Spearman correlation = 0.93).
- Performance was superior to traditional feature extraction and embedding-based models, especially for high-confidence predictions.
- Automated CDR scoring using domain counts achieved high accuracy (weighted Cohen's kappa = 0.83).
Conclusions
- The GPT-4o framework shows significant potential for automated chart review in dementia diagnosis, outperforming existing models.
- Clinical deployment necessitates a human-in-the-loop approach to mitigate misclassification risks and ensure safety.
- This hybrid AI-human model balances AI's diagnostic capabilities with interpretability and risk management.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...