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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Clinical Manifestations.

Lyla Wadia1, Stella Garriga2, Timothy Belliveau1

  • 1Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neighborhood disadvantage did not alter the link between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) status and cognitive function in this study. Further research into modifiable risk factors like social determinants of health is crucial for cognitive health.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The relationship between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) status and cognitive function, particularly APOE4 (ε4) heterozygotes, remains unclear.
  • Environmental factors, such as neighborhood disadvantage measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), are linked to cognitive decline.
  • Few studies have investigated the combined impact of APOE status and neighborhood disadvantage on cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine whether neighborhood disadvantage moderates the association between APOE4 status and cognitive performance.
  • To address gaps in the literature regarding the interplay of genetic predisposition and socioeconomic environment in cognitive health.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 190 participants from the Connecticut Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.
  • Exclusion of participants with dementia or two ε4 alleles; focus on adults over 50.
  • Cognitive function assessed via neuropsychological testing across multiple domains (attention, memory, etc.).
  • Statistical analysis using confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regressions to test for interactions between APOE status and ADI.

Main Results:

  • Confirmatory factor analysis supported the grouping of neuropsychological measures into theoretical domains.
  • Neither APOE status nor ADI were significant predictors of performance in memory or attention domains.
  • The interaction between APOE status and ADI was not significant for memory or attention measures.

Conclusions:

  • In this study sample, neighborhood disadvantage did not moderate the relationship between APOE status and cognitive performance in attention or memory.
  • Acknowledges the established link between environmental factors and cognitive decline.
  • Emphasizes the importance of exploring modifiable risk factors, including social determinants of health, for a preventative approach to cognitive health.