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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
Published on: September 20, 2018
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Clinical Manifestations
Melisa Lara Gomez1, Phoebe Scollard2, Sarah Biber3
1Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
Summary
This study identified four distinct cognitive decline trajectories in older adults, including non-decliners and varying rates of decline. These patterns are linked to demographic and clinical factors, offering insights into cognitive aging.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive neuroscience
- Gerontology
- Biostatistics
Background:
- Late-life cognitive trajectories show significant individual variability across different cognitive domains.
- Understanding this heterogeneity is crucial for effective cognitive aging research and interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct latent classes of cognitive trajectories in memory, executive function, and language.
- To examine the association between these identified cognitive trajectories and baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Utilized harmonized data from 14 longitudinal cognitive aging and dementia cohorts.
- Developed latent class linear mixed models to analyze cognitive domains (memory, executive function, language) as linear and quadratic functions of age.
- Assessed model fit using standard metrics and compared baseline variables across identified classes.
Main Results:
- A 4-class model best represented cognitive trajectories: non-decliners, slow decliners, steady decliners, and rapid decliners.
- Memory trajectories showed distinct patterns compared to executive function and language, particularly in the rapid decliner group.
- Specific demographic and clinical factors, including race, cognitive status, and APOE genotype, were associated with different decline trajectories.
Conclusions:
- Latent class analysis reveals distinct subgroups of cognitive decline, varying in timing and rate, from normal cognition to dementia.
- Further research is needed to integrate disease progression timelines, confirm subgroup stability, and explore underlying neuropathological and neuroimaging correlates.
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