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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Danni Li1, Binchong An2, Dereck L Salisbury1

  • 1University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-pharmacological interventions did not significantly alter Alzheimer's disease blood biomarkers in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, plasma p-Tau 217 and serum free-BDNF showed potential for detecting changes in the control group over six months.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Research
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The utility of blood biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for non-pharmacological interventions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains uncertain.
  • The ACT Trial investigated neuropathological, neurotrophic, and neuroinflammation biomarkers in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if ACT trial interventions (ACT, cycling, SOP) significantly altered blood biomarkers compared to a control group over 6 months.
  • To evaluate the effect sizes of these interventions on blood biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples from 344 participants were analyzed at five time points (baseline to 18 months).
  • Neuropathological (Ab42, Ab40, NfL, p-Tau 217), neurotrophic (IGF-1, IGFBP-3, free-BDNF), and neuroinflammation (GFAP, clusterin) biomarkers were measured.
  • Mixed-effects models and Cohen's d effect sizes were used to assess intervention effects and within-group changes.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in biomarker levels were observed between intervention groups and the control group at 3 or 6 months.
  • Most biomarkers showed small within-group effect sizes (Cohen's d < 0.2).
  • Plasma p-Tau 217 (d=0.27) and serum free-BDNF (d=0.71) exhibited small to moderate effect sizes at 6 months within the control group.

Conclusions:

  • Non-pharmacological interventions in the ACT trial did not yield significant changes in blood Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.
  • Plasma p-Tau 217 and serum free-BDNF demonstrated potential for detecting changes in older adults with MCI over 6 months, particularly within a control group setting.