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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Clinical Manifestations.

Joon Hyung Jung1, Nayeong Kong2, Seunghoon Lee3

  • 1Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea, Republic of (South).

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Elevated pulse pressure (PP) is linked to increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers like tau and amyloid-beta, and lower cognition, especially in APOE4 carriers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Aging involves arterial stiffness, measured by pulse pressure (PP), linked to vascular diseases and cognitive decline.
  • Elevated PP is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cognitive decline, and dementia.
  • The specific role of PP in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development and progression is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between baseline pulse pressure (PP) and key AD biomarkers.
  • To examine the relationship between PP, amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, and cognitive decline in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Data from 1,690 cognitively unimpaired older adults from the A4 and LEARN studies were analyzed.
  • Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau deposition were assessed using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
  • Cognitive function was evaluated using the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC), with analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, and APOE4 status.

Main Results:

  • Elevated PP was significantly associated with increased global and inferior temporal tau deposition.
  • Higher PP correlated with increased Aβ deposition and lower PACC scores.
  • APOE4 status moderated the PP-tau relationship, with a stronger association observed in APOE4 carriers.

Conclusions:

  • Arterial stiffness, indicated by PP, contributes to AD pathology and cognitive impairment, particularly in genetically susceptible individuals.
  • The interaction between PP and APOE4 highlights the influence of vascular health on tau deposition.
  • Targeted interventions for vascular health are crucial for mitigating AD progression and refining preventative strategies.