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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Ondrej Lerch1, David Kala1, Zuzana Nedelska1

  • 1Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability is reduced in the basal forebrain region of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This finding suggests BBB dysfunction may contribute to early AD pathology in this specific brain area.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.
  • Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) quantifies BBB breakdown using metrics like K-trans.
  • Early AD-affected regions include the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (EC), and basal forebrain (BF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate BBB dysfunction in early AD using DCE-MRI.
  • To compare BBB permeability in the hippocampus, EC, and BF between cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals and AD patients.
  • To assess the relationship between BBB permeability and AD biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • DCE-MRI was performed on 43 participants (22 CU, 21 AD).
  • K-trans maps were generated using the Patlak algorithm.
  • Regional K-trans values were extracted for the hippocampus, EC, and BF, and analyzed using ANCOVA.

Main Results:

  • AD patients showed significantly lower mean K-trans in the total BF region compared to CU individuals (p=0.002).
  • Specific subregions of the nucleus basalis Meynerti within the BF also exhibited reduced K-trans in the AD group.
  • No significant differences in BBB permeability were found in the hippocampus or EC between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a regional reduction in BBB permeability specifically within the basal forebrain in patients with mild cognitive impairment or AD dementia.
  • This localized BBB dysfunction in the BF may be a contributing factor to early pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the precise mechanisms and implications of BF-specific BBB alterations in AD.