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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Aging01:26

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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
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Cohort profile: the Lebanon Study on Aging and HeAlth (LSAHA).

Carlos F Mendes de Leon1, Martine Elbejjani2, Sawsan Abdulrahim3

  • 1Department of Global Health, Georgetown University School of Health, Washington, DC, USA. cm2046@georgetown.edu.

BMC Public Health
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The Lebanon Study on Aging and Health (LSAHA) is the first population study on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) in an Arab country. It profiles ADRD risk factors in older Lebanese adults, informing future care and policy.

Keywords:
AgingAlzheimer’s diseaseCohort studiesDementiaLife-course risk factorsWar exposures

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Public Health
  • Neuroscience and Epidemiology
  • Arab and Middle Eastern Health Studies

Background:

  • The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region faces a high burden of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD), yet lacks population-level data.
  • Lebanon's older adults have endured significant socio-economic instability, with unknown effects on late-life health and ADRD risk.
  • The Lebanon Study on Aging and Health (LSAHA) addresses this data gap as the first population-level ADRD study in an Arab nation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the design and baseline cohort profile of the LSAHA, a prospective study on ADRD in Lebanon.
  • To establish a foundation for investigating ADRD prevalence, risk factors, and long-term outcomes in a vulnerable population.
  • To provide crucial data for informing clinical care and public health policy in Lebanon and similar regions.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study design involving 3,027 adults aged 60 years and older in Beirut and Zahle, Lebanon.
  • A probability-based, multi-stage sampling strategy to ensure representation of urban-rural, socio-economic, and religious diversity.
  • Data collection included standardized surveys, cognitive tests, anthropometric measurements, household interviews, key informant assessments, and blood samples.

Main Results:

  • The LSAHA enrolled 3,027 participants with a 69% response rate, averaging 71.7 years of age, with 55.3% females.
  • High prevalence of chronic conditions (hypertension 57.2%, heart disease 32.4%, diabetes 32.7%) and mental health issues (depression 51.4%, anxiety 34.1%) were observed.
  • Significant proportions reported poor self-rated memory (52.1%) or memory decline (38.4%), indicating potential cognitive concerns.

Conclusions:

  • The successful launch of the LSAHA provides a vital resource for studying ADRD and its risk factors in Lebanon.
  • Baseline data reveal a high burden of chronic diseases, mental health symptoms, and self-reported memory issues in the aging Lebanese population.
  • Findings will guide targeted interventions and policy development for aging populations facing increasing ADRD challenges in Lebanon and beyond.