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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Garrett B Duncan1, Tyler M Duke1, Samuel B Johnson1

  • 1Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma phosphorylated tau (pTau) biomarkers show accuracy comparable to costly amyloid PET scans for predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. These convenient blood tests offer greater sensitivity and could enable smaller, more cost-effective clinical trials.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology and biomarker research are advancing.
  • Amyloid PET is a standard diagnostic tool and outcome measure in AD trials, but it is expensive and resource-intensive.
  • Plasma phosphorylated tau (pTau) is being investigated as a more accessible biomarker for AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of plasma pTau (pT217, pT181) in predicting clinical outcomes and disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) trials.
  • To compare the utility of plasma pTau biomarkers against traditional amyloid PET imaging.
  • To assess the potential of plasma pTau as a primary outcome measure in early-phase drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of published data from anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody (mAb) studies.
  • Calculation of group-level Pearson correlations between plasma pT217/pT181 treatment effects and clinical outcomes.
  • Comparison of plasma pTau correlations with amyloid PET correlations.
  • Power calculations to simulate proof-of-concept study designs and assess sample size requirements.

Main Results:

  • Plasma pT217 and pT181 demonstrated group-level correlations with clinical outcomes comparable to amyloid PET.
  • Effect sizes (Cohen's d) for plasma pT217/pT181 were larger than those for standard clinical outcome assessments (ADAS-Cog, ADCS-ADL, CDR-SB).
  • Plasma pT217/pT181 showed 3-fold greater sensitivity to disease progression, enabling comparable power with one-ninth the sample size.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma pTau biomarkers (pT217, pT181) offer a reliable, cost-effective, and accessible alternative to amyloid PET for predicting clinical outcomes in AD.
  • These biomarkers exhibit larger effect sizes and higher sensitivity for disease progression compared to current clinical measures.
  • Plasma pTau biomarkers can facilitate smaller, more efficient early-phase clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease drug development.