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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

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Biomarkers.

Tianchuan Gao1, Pradeep Varathan1, Yen-Ning Huang2,3,4,5

  • 1Indiana university Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood metabolite ratios, particularly in HDL, may serve as early Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, potentially preceding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes. These findings offer hope for non-invasive AD detection and monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Current Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis relies on invasive and costly cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.
  • Blood-based metabolite analysis presents a promising non-invasive alternative for early AD detection and monitoring.
  • Real-time physiological states reflected in blood metabolites may offer insights into early AD pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify plasma metabolites altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • To establish the temporal sequence of blood metabolites in relation to CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, total tau, phosphorylated tau) using Discriminative Event-Based Modeling (DEBM).
  • To validate the utility of these metabolites as early AD biomarkers through longitudinal cognitive assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 249 plasma metabolites from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative using NMR spectroscopy.
  • Application of DEBM to determine the temporal order of AD-related blood metabolites and CSF biomarkers.
  • Longitudinal analyses including cognitive performance correlation, mixed-effects models, and mediation analyses over 72 months.

Main Results:

  • Eight plasma metabolites were significantly altered in AD patients.
  • Two metabolite ratios, specifically phospholipids to total lipids in medium HDL and large LDL, were identified as potentially preceding or coinciding with CSF Aβ42 levels.
  • Higher phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL was associated with better cognitive function and slower cognitive decline, suggesting a potential causal pathway preceding CSF Aβ42 alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Specific changes in HDL lipid composition may indicate very early stages of the AD cascade, potentially before or concurrently with CSF Aβ42 changes.
  • The phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL shows potential as a non-invasive early biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.
  • Further validation in independent cohorts is crucial to confirm these findings and advance non-invasive AD screening strategies.