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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Vanessa M Colón Badillo1, Joseph S Reddy1, Jiangli Jin1

  • 1Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

African Americans have higher dementia risk. Genetic variants and plasma transcripts show promise as accessible Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarkers, improving diagnostic accuracy in this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • African Americans (AA) face a doubled risk of dementia compared to non-Hispanic Whites and are underrepresented in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research.
  • AA-specific risk factors for AD have been identified, suggesting a need for targeted biomarkers and therapies.
  • This study investigates genetic variants and plasma levels as potential AD biomarkers in AA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if genetic variants associated with AD risk and plasma levels can serve as accurate and accessible AD biomarkers in African Americans.
  • To explore the association between genetic variants, plasma transcripts, and total tau protein levels in AA individuals with and without AD.

Main Methods:

  • Targeted DNA sequencing of 10 AD-associated loci in 189 AA AD cases and 183 AA cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls.
  • Association testing of genetic variants with plasma transcripts and tau protein levels, incorporating local ancestry inference.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of identified e/pQTLs and plasma biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • 70 out of 5,112 tested variants showed association with AD risk and plasma levels; 7 variants also associated with local ancestry.
  • A model including age, sex, 33 e/pQTLs, and plasma levels achieved 88.2% area under the curve (AUC) for AD vs. CU classification.
  • This model demonstrated a 30.4% improvement in diagnostic accuracy compared to a base model with only age and sex.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma transcript levels and expression/protein quantitative trait loci (e/pQTLs) are promising diagnostic biomarkers for AD.
  • These biomarkers may enhance diagnostic accessibility and reduce costs for more accurate AD diagnosis in African Americans.
  • Further research into these biomarkers could lead to improved AD management for underrepresented populations.