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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

João Pedro Ferrari-Souza1, Guilherme Povala2, Nesrine Rahmouni3

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microglial activation links amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology to astrocyte reactivity in Alzheimer

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, are key players in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuroinflammation.
  • Microglia activation's role in modulating astrocyte reactivity in response to amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the human brain remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how microglia activation influences the effects of Aβ pathology on astrocyte reactivity in individuals across the aging and AD spectrum.
  • To test the hypothesis that microglia mediate the relationship between Aβ and astrocyte reactivity in the living AD brain.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Translational Biomarkers in Aging and Dementia (TRIAD) study, including positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and fluid biomarkers.
  • Assessed microglial activation (TSPO PET, CSF sTREM2), Aβ plaques (PET), reactive astrocytes (plasma GFAP), and tau pathology (p-tau217, tau PET).
  • Analyzed data from cognitively unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment, and AD dementia participants.

Main Results:

  • Aβ pathology was associated with astrocyte reactivity only when microglial activation was elevated, confirming microglia's mediating role.
  • Both TSPO PET and CSF sTREM2 confirmed microglial activation's influence on Aβ-induced astrocyte reactivity.
  • Microglial activation and astrocyte reactivity were jointly linked to tau phosphorylation and aggregation.
  • The Aβ-induced, microglia-dependent astrocyte reactivity contributed to cognitive impairment via tau pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Microglial activation is a critical link between Aβ and astrocyte reactivity in the Alzheimer's disease brain.
  • Findings elucidate the complex microglia-astrocyte crosstalk in AD, suggesting potential glia-targeting therapeutic strategies.