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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Biomarkers.

Tolulope O Akinyemi1

  • 1Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explored Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in Nigerian adults, identifying novel proteins linked to inflammation and neurodegeneration. Findings highlight the need for diverse populations in biomarker research for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) biomarker research is nascent in Africa, with limited data from Global North populations.
  • Risk factors and comorbidities in Africa differ, necessitating studies in diverse populations to validate biomarker utility.
  • This study investigated plasma biomarkers in a Nigerian cohort using advanced multiplex technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate plasma biomarker expression in a large, community-based cohort of older Nigerians.
  • To utilize Single Molecule Array (SIMOA) and NUcleic acid Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA) technologies for biomarker analysis.
  • To identify novel protein signatures associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology in an African population.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed plasma samples from 947 older Nigerian adults (Yoruba ethnicity) from the VALIANT cohort.
  • Utilized SIMOA and NULISAseq platforms to measure plasma biomarkers (Aβ40, Aβ42, NfL, GFAP, p-Tau 217) and novel protein signatures.
  • Employed linear models to identify differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) based on amyloid (Aβ) status and cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • Plasma p-tau217, GFAP, and NfL levels increased progressively across groups.
  • The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was higher in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than in cognitively unimpaired (CU) or dementia groups.
  • Over 50 DAPs were identified between Aβ-positive and Aβ-negative groups; GFAP, POSTN, and IGFBP7 were elevated in cognitively impaired individuals within the Aβ-positive group.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary findings indicate DAPs associated with inflammation, neurodegeneration, and amyloid/tau pathologies in the presence of Aβ pathology.
  • Results align with and expand upon existing knowledge of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.
  • Further analysis will explore unique and shared characteristics with current scientific understanding.