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Clinical Manifestations.

Sheila Castro-Suarez1,2, Jonathan Adrian Zegarra-Valdivia3,4, Erik Alberto Guevara-Silva2

  • 1Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), San Francisco, CA, Peru.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) diagnosis in Peru shows features like dysexecutive dysfunction, disinhibition, and apathy. These findings align with global FTD presentations, highlighting the need for timely diagnosis in Latin America.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) affects 1.9% of individuals over 65.
  • Latin America faces significant delays and misdiagnosis rates for FTD.
  • This study characterizes cognitive and neuropsychiatric FTD features in a Peruvian cohort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the cognitive and neuropsychiatric characteristics of FTD patients in Peru.
  • To compare FTD patient features with a matched control group.
  • To assess the diagnostic challenges and clinical presentation of FTD in a Latin American population.

Main Methods:

  • Recruitment of 18 FTD cases and 39 controls via the Lima FTD network.
  • Comprehensive neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and functional assessments by specialists.
  • Utilized standardized cognitive tests (ACE, INECO frontal screening, Digit Forward) and behavioral scales (NPI, CDR, GDS).

Main Results:

  • FTD patients exhibited significant dysexecutive dysfunction (100%), disinhibition (88.9%), apathy (88.9%), and perseverative behavior (88.9%).
  • Cognitive scores were markedly lower in FTD patients compared to controls (p < 0.000 for ACE, INECO, Digit Forward).
  • The most frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms included disinhibition (88.2%), apathy (82.4%), and aberrant motor behavior (76.5%).

Conclusions:

  • The clinical presentation of FTD in the Peruvian cohort mirrors international findings.
  • Key neuropsychiatric symptoms in Peruvian FTD patients are disinhibition, apathy, and perseverative behavior.
  • Findings underscore the importance of recognizing these symptoms for earlier FTD diagnosis in Peru.