Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

749
Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
749
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

516
Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
516

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Landscape of copy number variants in Spanish people with dementia.

NPJ genomic medicine·2026
Same author

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates colistin-induced neuro and nephrotoxicity by preserving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress.

Biochemical pharmacology·2026
Same author

Licochalcone a enhances cognitive resilience in APP/PS1 Mice by modulating glucose metabolism, Aβ burden, and neuroinflammation.

GeroScience·2026
Same author

Listening for Alzheimer's clues: machine learning analysis of multidomain speech features for cognitive impairment screening.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
Same author

Non-linear associations between sleep duration and plasma p-tau181 in the Framingham Heart Study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Proteomic signatures of the APOE ε4 and APOE ε2 genetic variants and Alzheimer's disease.

Nature aging·2026
Same journal

Evidence for progressive neurodegeneration in iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Human brain connectome profiles mediate the relationship between pathology burden and clinical phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Kat5 cKO mouse replicates biological domain signatures associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of CSF and plasma tau species as fluid surrogate candidates for tau PET in prodromal to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Associations of self-reported obstructive sleep apnea with cognition and dementia risk in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged adults.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K

Biomarkers.

Bart Smets1, Asif Emon2, Yanfei Zhang3

  • 1Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, a Johnson & Johnson company, Beerse, Belgium.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has distinct molecular subtypes beyond amyloid and tau pathology. Identifying these subtypes using CSF proteomics can improve diagnosis and treatment strategies for AD patients.

More Related Videos

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.9K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

702

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K
Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.9K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

702

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • The A/T/(N) framework classifies Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on amyloid plaques (A) and tau tangles (T), enabling early diagnosis through fluid and imaging biomarkers.
  • However, the A/T/(N) framework does not encompass all AD pathogenesis pathways, as co-pathologies significantly impact disease progression and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate molecular heterogeneity within Alzheimer's disease (AD) by identifying distinct patient subgroups using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics.
  • To compare the clinical, genetic, and molecular profiles of identified AD subtypes and assess their relationship to disease stage.
  • To develop predictive models for CSF subtypes using plasma proteomics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CSF proteomics data from 705 individuals with abnormal CSF amyloid levels within the Spanish ACE cohort.
  • Application of ConsensusClustering to identify molecular subtypes of AD patients.
  • XGBoost classifiers were trained to predict CSF subtypes from plasma proteomics data.

Main Results:

  • Identification of two robust CSF subtypes: (1) neuronal hyperplasticity with elevated CSF p-tau181 and t-tau, and (2) blood-brain-barrier dysfunction involving complement, inflammation, and coagulation pathways.
  • No significant differences were observed in neuronal damage markers or disease progression rates, indicating molecular heterogeneity rather than disease stage differences.
  • Genetic analyses revealed distinct underlying etiologies for subtypes, suggesting the need for tailored treatment paradigms. Plasma proteomics accurately predicted CSF subtypes (AUC > 0.8).

Conclusions:

  • This study confirms distinct molecular subtypes of AD that stratify patients beyond the A/T/N classification.
  • Further validation in additional cohorts and clinical trials is crucial for enhancing the precision of AD diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
  • The development of blood-based biomarkers for these subtypes will significantly advance personalized medicine approaches in Alzheimer's disease research.