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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Siddharth Kaipa1, Sai R Meka2, Ramesh V Nair1

  • 1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals sex-specific changes in bone health markers during Alzheimer's disease progression. These findings suggest a link between neurodegeneration and bone health, with potential plasma biomarkers for senescence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Dementia is a major global health challenge linked to aging and mortality.
  • Multimorbidity, including dementia and frailty, is strongly associated with mortality.
  • Fractures and dementia share risk factors like aging and lifestyle, suggesting a connection to bone health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate global changes in bone health markers during Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression.
  • To evaluate serum protein levels related to bone metabolism in individuals with AD, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HC).

Main Methods:

  • Plasma samples from AD (n=95), MCI (n=134), and HC (n=394) participants were analyzed.
  • Heparin affinity chromatography enriched plasma proteins, followed by tandem mass spectrometry.
  • Proteins were filtered for bone markers and senescence markers.

Main Results:

  • Sex-specific alterations in bone-related proteins were observed in MCI and AD.
  • In males with MCI, Collagen A1(VI), WNT16, and OLR1 were upregulated; IGFBP-1 and Ephrin-A2 were downregulated.
  • In females with MCI, COL was downregulated. In AD, FGF-19 was upregulated and IGFBP-1/COL downregulated.
  • Senescence markers WNT16 and HGFm were upregulated in MCI; IL32 was upregulated in AD.

Conclusions:

  • Findings indicate sex-dependent changes in bone tissue during neurodegeneration.
  • Plasma biomarkers of senescence suggest a link between aging, neurodegeneration, and bone health.
  • This research highlights potential new avenues for understanding and managing age-associated diseases.