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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Huize Pang1, Chenyang Li1, Zifei Liang2

  • 1NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging significantly alters hippocampal pathways, decreasing white matter integrity in "what" and "where" pathways while increasing connectivity in the "prefrontal" pathway. These findings reveal early microstructural changes in the aging brain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • The hippocampus is crucial for memory, attention, and learning, connecting to cortical areas via distinct pathways.
  • While hippocampal volume loss with age is known, age-related changes in its connectivity are not well understood.
  • This study examines how aging affects hippocampal pathway connectivity using advanced diffusion MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in the structural integrity and connectivity of major hippocampal pathways.
  • To correlate these changes with participant age using diffusion MRI metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion MRI data from 480 participants (aged 36-90) from the HCP-Aging dataset were analyzed.
  • Whole-brain tractography was reconstructed using advanced diffusion models and constrained to gray-white matter interfaces.
  • Key hippocampal pathways were extracted, and their fiber density (FD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD) were quantified and correlated with age.

Main Results:

  • Age-related decreases in fiber density were observed in the left "what" and bilateral "where" pathways.
  • Conversely, the "prefrontal" pathway showed increased fiber density with age.
  • Significant negative correlations between age and FA, and positive correlations between age and MD, were found across all four pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Aging leads to degeneration in key hippocampal pathways, indicated by reduced FA and increased MD.
  • Increased fiber density in the "prefrontal" pathway may represent a compensatory mechanism.
  • These findings highlight early axonal and microstructural alterations in the aging hippocampus.