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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Srishti Shrestha1, Xiaoqian Zhu1, B Gwen Windham1

  • 1University of Mississippi Medical Center, The MIND Center, Jackson, MS, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood biomarkers for glial and neuronal dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are linked to faster cognitive decline and increased dementia risk in adults. These markers may help identify individuals at higher risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs).

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Research
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Research on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) biomarkers has largely focused on amyloid-beta and tau pathologies.
  • Studies investigating biomarkers of glial and neuronal dysfunction and neuroinflammation in community cohorts are limited.
  • This study examines novel blood biomarkers associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association of blood biomarkers reflecting glial/neuronal dysfunction and neuroinflammation with cognitive decline over 25 years.
  • To assess the relationship between these biomarkers and the risk of developing dementia.
  • To explore the utility of these biomarkers in early ADRD diagnosis and risk stratification.

Main Methods:

  • 1,864 participants from the ARIC study had blood biomarkers (sCD14, YKL-40, GFAP, NfL, total-Tau, UCH-L1) measured.
  • Cognitive function was assessed up to six times over 25 years, and dementia cases were identified through various ascertainment methods.
  • Shared parameter models were used to analyze cognitive decline and dementia risk associated with each biomarker, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of most biomarkers (all but UCH-L1) were associated with faster cognitive decline and increased dementia risk.
  • For instance, a one SD increase in YKL-40 was linked to steeper cognitive decline and a 59% higher dementia hazard.
  • sCD14 was also associated with accelerated cognitive decline and a 38% increased dementia hazard.

Conclusions:

  • Blood biomarkers indicating microglial activation, astrocytic reactivity, and neuronal degeneration are associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk.
  • These findings suggest potential utility for these biomarkers in ADRD risk stratification and intervention strategies.
  • Further research will explore differences in these associations based on race and APOE-ε4 status.