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Clinical Manifestations.

Bruno De Oliveira De Marchi1, Barbara Loeblein Uebel2, Victória Tizeli Souza3

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, did not significantly impact cognitive decline in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) over one year. Further research is needed to understand other factors influencing cognitive trajectories in SCD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele are recognized risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • The specific influence of the APOE ε4 allele on the rate of cognitive decline in individuals experiencing SCD is not well-established.
  • This study investigates the association between APOE ε4 carriage and cognitive progression in SCD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if individuals with SCD who carry the APOE ε4 allele exhibit a greater rate of cognitive decline compared to non-carriers over a one-year period.
  • To analyze the predictive value of APOE ε4 status on cognitive changes within the SCD population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the BRASCODE cohort, comprising 142 participants with SCD, categorized into APOE ε4 carriers (ε4+) and non-carriers (ε4-).
  • Cognitive function was assessed using multiple validated scales including the Memory Complaint Scale (MCS), Subjective Cognitive Decline Scale (SCD-S), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale.
  • Linear mixed-effects models were employed to evaluate the interaction between time and APOE ε4 status on cognitive progression over one year.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences were observed in cognitive test outcomes, sleep disturbances, anxiety, or depression between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers.
  • A trend towards a higher prevalence of family history of dementia was noted in the APOE ε4+ group (61.9%) compared to the ε4- group (42.3%).
  • Linear mixed-effects models revealed that APOE ε4 carriage was not a significant predictor of cognitive decline in SCD patients over the one-year follow-up period (p = 0.217).

Conclusions:

  • Despite APOE ε4 being a known risk factor for AD, its presence did not significantly accelerate cognitive decline in individuals with SCD within a one-year timeframe.
  • These findings suggest that factors beyond APOE ε4 genotype play a crucial role in determining cognitive trajectories in individuals with SCD.
  • Longer-term observational studies are warranted to fully elucidate the relationship between APOE ε4 and cognitive progression in the SCD population.