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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Claudia Duran-Aniotz1

  • 1Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) show global utility. Integrating these biomarkers with neuroimaging enhances dementia diagnosis accuracy in diverse Latin American populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarkers
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Plasma biomarkers are crucial for dementia diagnosis but require validation in diverse populations.
  • Limited evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) biomarkers exists in Latin America (LA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate plasma biomarkers (Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau181, NfL) in a diverse multicountry LA cohort.
  • To assess the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers for AD and FTLD.
  • To explore the integration of biomarkers with neuroimaging for improved dementia diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 637 participants across five LA countries.
  • Measured plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, p-tau181, and NfL levels.
  • Utilized ridge regression, machine learning (ML), and neuroimaging.

Main Results:

  • Decreased Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in AD and FTLD indicated amyloid pathology.
  • Elevated p-tau181 in AD/FTLD and higher NfL in FTLD suggested tau pathology and neurodegeneration.
  • ML models with AT(N) biomarkers achieved high diagnostic accuracy (AD=83%, FTLD=88%).
  • Integration with neuroimaging further improved accuracy (AD=88%, FTLD=89%).

Conclusions:

  • Plasma AT(N) biomarkers demonstrate global utility for dementia diagnosis.
  • Integration with clinical and neuroanatomical assessments enhances diagnostic performance in diverse populations.
  • Findings support the use of plasma biomarkers for improved dementia detection in Latin America.