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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Mathias Holsey Gramkow1, Helena Sophia Gleerup1, Anja Hviid Simonsen2

  • 1Danish Dementia Research Centre, Dept. of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Digital biomarkers from wearables show promise for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection. However, research gaps exist in their diagnostic and prognostic applications, hindering clinical use.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) management is evolving with new treatments, increasing the need for early detection and monitoring.
  • Digital biomarkers, derived from digital health technologies (DHTs), offer a promising avenue for quantifying disease progression.
  • A comprehensive understanding of current digital biomarker research in early AD is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of digital biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) using wearable or portable devices.
  • To map the existing research landscape, identifying methods, applications, and knowledge gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Searched three major databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE) for original research studies.
  • Included studies focused on non-cognitive digital biomarkers in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to AD.
  • Screening and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers using Covidence software.

Main Results:

  • 109 studies were included, analyzing data from over 6,800 individuals with early AD (MCI or mild dementia).
  • The majority of studies focused on rest/activity, speech, and graphomotor function digital biomarkers.
  • Few studies reported on the diagnostic (16%) or prognostic (3%) utility of digital biomarkers, with only one study on treatment monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • There is a growing body of research on digital biomarkers for early AD, a key population for emerging therapies.
  • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the diagnostic and prognostic value of these biomarkers.
  • Further research is needed to bridge the gap between digital biomarker development and clinical implementation in early AD.