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Clinical Manifestations.

Carolina L Costa1, Carlos E E Araujo Menendez2, Rachel Membreno1

  • 1San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sexual minorities (SM) showed similar cognitive impairment to non-SM individuals, but a trending higher risk for orientation impairment. Further research is needed to explore these cognitive differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sexual minorities (SM) face health disparities and discrimination, potentially increasing risks for adverse health outcomes, including cognitive impairment.
  • Limited research exists on cognitive impairment disparities between SM and non-SM individuals using objective measures.
  • Previous findings on cognitive differences between SM and non-SM groups have been inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk of objective cognitive impairment in sexual minority (SM) individuals compared to non-SM individuals.
  • To examine domain-specific cognitive differences, including visuospatial, orientation, memory, executive function, and language.
  • To contribute objective data to the understanding of cognitive health in the SM population.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1794 participants (ages 64-95) from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) 2016.
  • Categorization of participants into sexual minority (SM) and non-SM groups based on sexual identity.
  • Logistic regression models used to assess the association between SM status and cognitive impairment, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Sexual minority (SM) individuals were more likely to be Hispanic and have no educational degree compared to non-SM individuals.
  • A trending association was found between SM status and orientation impairment (OR=2.01, 95% CI [.99, 4.09]).
  • No significant differences in other cognitive domains (visuospatial, memory, executive function, language) were detected between SM and non-SM groups.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive impairment levels were generally similar between sexual minority (SM) and non-SM groups.
  • A higher risk for orientation impairment trended in the SM group, possibly indicating acute cognitive changes.
  • Further research with larger, diverse samples is required to validate findings and explore underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms.