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Clinical Manifestations.

Maria Cecilia Fernández1, Waleska Berrios1, Roni Eichel2

  • 1Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos aires, Argentina.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with ADHD and fibromyalgia show increased risk for Lewy body disease (LBD) features like cognitive fluctuations and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). This highlights a potential link between these conditions and LBD development.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Emerging research suggests a connection between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Lewy body disease (LBD).
  • Fibromyalgia and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) are conditions previously linked to adult ADHD.
  • The study investigates if fibromyalgia and OCPD exacerbate LBD risk in ADHD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of developing Lewy body disease (LBD) or its clinical manifestations.
  • To determine if fibromyalgia and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) influence LBD risk in adults with ADHD.
  • To analyze the association between ADHD, fibromyalgia, OCPD, and LBD features over a 15-year period.

Main Methods:

  • A 15-year prospective cohort study comparing adults with ADHD (DSM-IV-TR criteria) to a control group.
  • Participants were assessed for fibromyalgia (ACR criteria) and OCPD (DSM criteria) at baseline and follow-up.
  • Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to examine associations, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Of 161 ADHD participants and 109 controls, 31 developed dementia over 15 years (27 in ADHD group).
  • Lewy body disease (LBD) was the most common dementia type (20 cases), predominantly in the ADHD group (19 cases).
  • Fibromyalgia correlated with increased odds of cognitive fluctuations, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), visuospatial dysfunction, and depression in ADHD patients. OCPD was linked to fibromyalgia and depression.

Conclusions:

  • Fibromyalgia may elevate the risk of specific Lewy body disease (LBD) features in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) showed associations with fibromyalgia and depression, but not directly with other LBD features.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms linking fibromyalgia, ADHD, and LBD.