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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Corrina S Fonseca1, Joseph Giorgio1,2, Renaud La Joie3,4

  • 1University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Four distinct tau accumulation patterns were identified in Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum individuals. These patterns correlate with age, clinical diagnosis, and underlying AD pathology, revealing heterogeneity in tau progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Variability in tau accumulation across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum is recognized, but the origins and drivers of this heterogeneity remain unclear.
  • Understanding tau accumulation patterns is crucial for diagnosing and managing AD progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate heterogeneity in spatial patterns of tau accumulation using a data-driven approach.
  • To examine how these tau accumulation patterns relate to participant characteristics across the normal aging and clinical AD spectrum.

Main Methods:

  • Generated whole-brain voxel-wise flortaucipir (FTP) SUVR slope maps from 648 participants across four independent studies.
  • Utilized spatial independent component analysis (ICA) to decompose tau accumulation patterns into independent components.
  • Applied k-means clustering to assign participants into four distinct tau accumulation groups based on their component loadings.

Main Results:

  • Identified four distinct tau accumulation groups: non-accumulators, early accumulators, temporoparietal accumulators, and widespread neocortical accumulators.
  • Found associations between tau accumulation patterns and cognitive status, amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity, and APOE genotype.
  • Widespread accumulators exhibited younger age, higher Aβ burden, greater tau burden in specific brain regions, and poorer cognitive function compared to other groups.

Conclusions:

  • A data-driven approach revealed four distinct tau accumulation patterns linked to age, clinical diagnosis, baseline AD pathology, and APOE genotype.
  • More extensive tau accumulation patterns within clinical groups correlated with higher baseline AD pathology.
  • These findings support the concept of heterogeneity in tau accumulation being influenced by multiple between-participant factors.