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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Cristina Delgado-Alonso1, María Valles-Salgado1, Esther Valiente-Gordillo1

  • 1Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
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PubMed
Summary

Early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection is enhanced by combining blood biomarkers like p-tau181 with cognitive tests. This approach improves diagnostic accuracy for early AD identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Research
  • Diagnostic Development

Background:

  • Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for effective therapeutic interventions.
  • Plasma biomarkers such as p-tau181 and p-tau217 show promise for identifying early amyloid pathology.
  • Understanding the clinical implications of biomarkers is essential for redefining cognitive assessment in AD screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal combination of biomarkers and cognitive tests for early AD detection.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic performance of blood biomarkers and cognitive assessments in patients with early symptoms of memory loss.

Main Methods:

  • 124 patients with memory loss but no functional impairment were included.
  • Neuropsychological assessments and CSF biomarkers were used for evaluation and categorization into AD or non-AD groups.
  • Serum p-tau181 and p-tau217 were measured, alongside a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests.

Main Results:

  • Plasma p-tau181 and p-tau217 demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (AUCs of 0.935 and 0.886).
  • A combination of p-tau181 with ACE-III (memory) or ROCF (memory) yielded AUCs of 0.949 and 0.964, respectively.
  • The best performing neuropsychological test combination achieved an AUC of 0.865.

Conclusions:

  • Combining neuropsychological tests with blood biomarkers can enhance diagnostic performance in early AD.
  • The significant contribution of biomarkers in statistical models raises questions about the sole utility of cognitive assessments for screening.
  • Further research is needed to optimize the use of biomarkers and cognitive tests for efficient early AD diagnosis.