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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Max McLachlan1, Alexandra H DiFilippo1, Brecca Bettcher1

  • 1Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study validates synaptic density (SV2A) PET imaging in Down syndrome (DS) by developing DS-specific templates and methods. Findings in neurotypical adults show tau correlates with synaptic loss, paving the way for DS research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Synaptic density loss is a key mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) cognitive decline.
  • SV2A PET imaging with [11C]UCB-J tracks synaptic density changes across the AD continuum.
  • Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience accelerated AD pathology due to genetic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize synaptic density in DS relative to accelerated AD neuropathology.
  • To validate [11C]UCB-J PET imaging techniques for the DS population.
  • To investigate the relationship between tau burden and synaptic density in DS.

Main Methods:

  • Development of DS-specific brain templates for T1 MRI and [11C]UCB-J PET imaging.
  • Quantification of late-time window Standardized Uptake Value Ratio (SUVR) to minimize experimental burden.
  • Evaluation of SUVR PET methods in a neurotypical (NT) cohort using Dynamic Volume Ratio (DVR) as a reference.

Main Results:

  • A DS-specific T1 MRI template was developed; a [11C]UCB-J PET template is in progress.
  • SUVR windowing (40-70 min) was compared to DVR in NT and DS cohorts.
  • In NT adults, significant correlations were found between hippocampal tau and SV2A (r=-0.49, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • SV2A PET imaging is being adapted for the DS population.
  • Understanding SV2A distribution in DS offers insights into synaptic density changes with accelerated AD pathology.