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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Carlos A Gaona1, Vanessa M Young2,3,4, Crystal Wiedner4

  • 1Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Depression is linked to elevated total tau (t-tau) levels, a marker of neuronal injury. This study found no association between depression and other Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, suggesting specific pathways may be involved.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Depression is a known risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • The relationship between depressive symptoms and blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) for neurodegeneration is not fully understood.
  • This study investigates the link between depression and key BBMs: t-tau, NfL, GFAP, and p-tau181.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the cross-sectional association between depression and specific BBMs related to neurodegeneration and AD pathology.
  • To clarify the controversial relationship between depressive symptoms and BBMs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Framingham Heart Study (Offspring exam 9, Omni 1 exam 4).
  • Depression was defined by a score ≥16 on the CES-D scale or antidepressant use.
  • Assessed plasma levels of t-tau, NfL, GFAP, and p-tau181 using Single Molecule Array (SIMOA) assays.
  • Multivariable regression models were adjusted for demographic, clinical, and genetic factors.

Main Results:

  • Among 2,466 participants, 19.8% reported depression.
  • Depression was significantly associated with higher plasma t-tau levels (p < 0.001).
  • No significant associations were found between depression and p-tau181, NfL, or GFAP levels.

Conclusions:

  • Depression is associated with increased t-tau levels, indicating potential neuronal injury.
  • Findings support previous research suggesting depressive symptoms are not linked to AD pathology biomarkers like p-tau181.
  • The association with t-tau highlights a potential neurobiological link between depression and neuronal damage.