Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

Antibody Actions

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The IMAP-Ultra Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imager.

Space science reviews·2025

Same author

EBV-miR-BHRF1-2 targets PRDM1/Blimp1: potential role in EBV lymphomagenesis.

Leukemia·2015

Same author

Hypermethylation of the tumor suppressor gene PRDM1/Blimp-1 supports a pathogenetic role in EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma.

Blood cancer journal·2014

Same author

Inactivation of BANK1 in a novel IGH-associated translocation t(4;14)(q24;q32) suggests a tumor suppressor role in B-cell lymphoma.

Blood cancer journal·2014

Same author

Regulators of cell division in plant tissues. XVI : Metabolism of zeatin by radish cotyledons and hypocotyls.

Planta·2014

Same author

Regulators of cell division in plant tissues : XVIII. Metabolism of zeatin in Zea mays seedlings.

Planta·2014

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

The Use of a β-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

The Use of a β-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

Published on: February 1, 2018

In vitro antibody-enzyme conjugates with specific bactericidal activity.

D M Knowles, T J Sulivan, C W Parker

The Journal of Clinical Investigation

|June 1, 1973

Summary

Antibacterial antibody-enzyme conjugates were created to kill bacteria. This novel system showed potent in vitro bactericidal activity against several bacteria, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.

More Related Videos

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Published on: September 14, 2018

A High-throughput Shigella-specific Bactericidal Assay

A High-throughput Shigella-specific Bactericidal Assay

Published on: February 27, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

The Use of a β-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

The Use of a β-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

Published on: February 1, 2018

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Published on: September 14, 2018

A High-throughput Shigella-specific Bactericidal Assay

A High-throughput Shigella-specific Bactericidal Assay

Published on: February 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Microbiology
Biochemistry

Background:

Antibacterial antibodies are crucial for host defense against bacterial infections.
Developing novel antimicrobial strategies is essential to combat rising antibiotic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate the efficacy of antibody-enzyme conjugates as a novel antibacterial system.
To investigate the bactericidal mechanism and potential therapeutic applications of these conjugates.

Main Methods:

Isolation of rabbit and human IgG with antibacterial opsonic activity.
Coupling of glucose oxidase to IgG antibodies using diethylmalonimidate.
Assessment of antibody-enzyme conjugate specificity via indirect immunofluorescence.
In vitro evaluation of bactericidal activity using a lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase system.

Main Results:

Antibody-enzyme conjugates retained specificity for target bacteria.
The conjugates demonstrated potent in vitro bactericidal activity against *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, *Streptococcus pyogenes*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Proteus mirabilis*, and *Escherichia coli*.
No significant bactericidal effect was observed against *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*.
Bactericidal activity correlated with the opsonic potency of the unconjugated antibodies.

Conclusions:

Antibacterial antibody-enzyme conjugates represent a promising novel approach for combating bacterial infections.
This system shows potential for treating patients with compromised immune function or severe bacteremia.
Further research is warranted to optimize this system and assess its in vivo efficacy and safety.