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Clinical Manifestations.

Caitlin S Walker1, Garance Barnoin2, Mitchell Bennett2

  • 1Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) show greater motivation for prosocial rewards. Specific OPRL1 gene variations influence apathy levels, suggesting a genetic link to motivation in aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Apathy is a common symptom in early Alzheimer's disease (AD), marked by reduced motivation.
  • Older adults often prioritize prosocial behaviors, a tendency that may persist in early AD.
  • The role of prosocial rewards in motivating effort and their relation to apathy in at-risk older adults remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether prosocial rewards are more effective than self-serving rewards in motivating effort in older adults at risk for AD.
  • To examine how genetic variations in the OPRL1 gene modulate the relationship between prosocial orientation and apathy.

Main Methods:

  • 52 older adults at risk for AD completed a computerized task assessing effort for prosocial (donations) versus self-serving (monetary) rewards.
  • Reward-effort discounting curves were analyzed using various functions to determine the best fit.
  • Regression models examined the association between prosocial orientation and apathy, with OPRL1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs6010718 and rs6010719 as moderators.

Main Results:

  • Sigmoid functions best described the reward-effort discounting curves.
  • Participants exerted more effort and required less reward for prosocial compared to self-serving incentives.
  • OPRL1 rs6010718 minor allele carriers showed reduced apathy linked to prosocial effort, while rs6010719 minor allele carriers exhibited higher apathy.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults at risk for AD are more willing to exert effort for prosocial rewards, requiring smaller incentives compared to self-serving ones.
  • Genetic variations in OPRL1 SNPs influence the interplay between prosocial orientation and apathy.
  • Specific OPRL1 genotypes may be associated with decreased apathetic behavior in the context of prosocial effort during aging.