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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Jennifer G Cooper1, Nyra Ahmed1, Johnny Huang1

  • 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma biomarkers show high specificity for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology detection. However, low sensitivity suggests these markers may underestimate AD prevalence in the COMPASS-ND study.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia (COMPASS-ND) study is a Canadian observational study involving participants with dementia and cognitive complaints.
  • This research utilizes plasma biomarkers, including amyloid beta (Aβ42/40), phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau-181), neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
  • The study aims to estimate the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology within the COMPASS-ND cohort and assess clinical-pathological concordance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in the COMPASS-ND cohort using plasma biomarkers.
  • To evaluate the concordance between clinical diagnoses and underlying AD pathogenesis.
  • To establish cut-offs for plasma biomarkers indicative of AD pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma samples from 936 COMPASS-ND participants were analyzed using Quanterix Simoa HD-X analyzer with Neurology 4-plex E and p-tau-181 assays.
  • A sub-cohort of 150 participants with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data was used to determine plasma biomarker cut-offs via Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC) analysis.
  • Established cut-offs were applied to the larger cohort to estimate the percentage of biomarker-positive individuals across different diagnostic groups.

Main Results:

  • Plasma biomarker cut-offs were established: Aβ42/40 <0.068 pg/mL, p-tau-181 >2.7 pg/mL, NfL >18.6 pg/mL, and GFAP >134.9 pg/mL.
  • A multi-biomarker panel (2 out of 3: Aβ42/40, p-tau-181, GFAP) showed 64% sensitivity and 83% specificity for AD pathology.
  • Estimated AD pathology prevalence varied across diagnostic groups, ranging from 25% in subjective cognitive impairment to 83% in AD and 83% in Lewy body dementia.

Conclusions:

  • The tested plasma biomarker assays demonstrate high specificity for detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.
  • These biomarkers can be used to estimate AD pathology prevalence in larger cohorts.
  • The low sensitivity of the plasma biomarkers suggests a potential underestimation of AD pathology in the COMPASS-ND cohort.