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Precise Morphological Control of DNA Crystals Through Concentration-Modulated Microfluidic Droplets.

Xugen Chen1,2,3, Lebing Wang1,2,4, Jun Luo1,2,4

  • 1Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method using microfluidic double emulsion droplet (DED) microreactors to precisely control DNA crystal morphology and quantity. This advance enables detailed studies of DNA crystallization kinetics and microengineering applications.

Keywords:
DNA single crystalcrystallizationdouble emulsion dropletmacroscopic structuremorphological control

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Traditional DNA crystallization methods lack control over crystal morphology and quantity, limiting detailed investigations.
  • Precise control over DNA crystal formation is crucial for advanced applications in microengineering and kinetic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for synthesizing high-quality single DNA crystals with precisely defined morphology.
  • To demonstrate the ability to regulate macroscopic crystal morphology and growth direction using microfluidic technology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized microfluidic double emulsion droplet (DED) microreactors for proportional encapsulation.
  • Precisely tuned crystallization habit modifier concentration by adjusting coaxial flow rates.
  • Controlled DNA crystal self-assembly, including directional growth and rhombohedral crystal fabrication.

Main Results:

  • Achieved synthesis of high-quality single DNA crystals with precisely defined morphology.
  • Demonstrated regulation of macroscopic crystal morphology through controlled habit modifier concentration.
  • Fabricated rhombohedral crystals with controllable aspect ratios from 5.94 to 1.10.
  • Enabled directional crystal growth (longitudinal or transverse).

Conclusions:

  • The novel DED microreactor platform offers precise control over DNA crystal synthesis.
  • This method significantly enhances the applicability of DNA crystals in microengineering.
  • Facilitates in-depth investigations into DNA crystallization kinetics.