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Clinical Manifestations.

Anusha Ayyar1, Shivashankar N2, Mathew Varghese3

  • 1Octave Speech Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dementia impairs sentence comprehension due to syntactic and grammatical deficits. Cognitive resource limitations may also contribute to these language challenges in individuals with dementia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurolinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Sentence comprehension relies on linguistic and non-linguistic processes.
  • Deficits in sentence comprehension and their causes in dementia lack consensus.
  • This study investigates sentence comprehension breakdown in Kannada-speaking individuals with dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific nature of sentence comprehension deficits in dementia.
  • To explore the underlying causes of these deficits, including linguistic and cognitive factors.
  • To assess sentence comprehension abilities in Kannada-speaking individuals with various types of dementia.

Main Methods:

  • 103 individuals with mild/moderate dementia (Alzheimer's, Vascular, Frontotemporal) and 64 controls participated.
  • Assessed sentence length/complexity effects using Revised Token Test (RTT-Kannada).
  • Evaluated grammaticality judgment with Linguistic Profile Test (LPT-Kannada) and cognitive abilities via Hindi Mental Scale Examination (HMSE).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences (p < 0.001) in RTT and LPT scores between control and dementia groups.
  • Performance declined with increasing sentence length/complexity (RTT), steeper in moderate dementia.
  • Deficits were most pronounced in conditional clauses and participle constructions (LPT).
  • Strong positive correlation found between cognitive scores (HMSE) and syntactic processing (LPT, RTT).

Conclusions:

  • Dementia is associated with significant syntactic and grammatical processing deficits.
  • Grammatical incompetence may indicate linguistic deficits, while complex structures strain working memory.
  • Cognitive resource deficits are a potential underlying cause of syntactic comprehension impairments in dementia.