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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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ROS/pH dynamically responsive injectable hydrogel ameliorates disc degeneration by re-establishing the oxidative

Jia-Jie Lu1, Yi-Tuo Chen1, Qi-Chen Zhang1,2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.

Materials Today. Bio
|December 26, 2025
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Summary

This study developed a novel injectable hydrogel to combat intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The dual-responsive hydrogel effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing inflammation and promoting disc regeneration for low back pain (LBP) treatment.

Keywords:
Extracellular matrixInflammationIntervertebral disc degenerationMnO2ROS/pH dual-responsive

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a primary cause of low back pain (LBP).
  • Oxidative stress, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a key factor in IVDD pathogenesis, leading to apoptosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) imbalance.
  • Current treatments for IVDD often lack efficacy in addressing the underlying pathological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an injectable, ROS-scavenging, and dual-responsive hydrogel for treating IVDD.
  • To investigate the hydrogel's ability to mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells.
  • To evaluate the hydrogel's therapeutic potential for promoting disc regeneration in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a novel injectable hydrogel (CMC-PBA/ODEX/HMP@Lut) using modified chitosan, oxidized dextran, and ROS-scavenging nanoparticles.
  • Characterization of the hydrogel's ROS/pH dual-responsiveness and its interaction with nucleus pulposus cells.
  • In vitro assessment of the hydrogel's effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and ECM metabolism via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.
  • In vivo evaluation of the hydrogel's biocompatibility, degradability, and efficacy in promoting disc regeneration in an animal model.

Main Results:

  • The developed hydrogel exhibited ROS/pH dual-responsiveness, effectively scavenging ROS and adapting to acidic microenvironments.
  • In vitro studies demonstrated that the hydrogel inhibited oxidative stress, reduced inflammation and apoptosis, and modulated ECM metabolism in nucleus pulposus cells.
  • Animal experiments confirmed the hydrogel's injectability, biocompatibility, and degradability, leading to improved disc microenvironment and significant disc regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • The multifunctional, dual-responsive hydrogel presents a promising new strategy for treating IVDD by targeting key pathological mechanisms.
  • The hydrogel effectively ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, while promoting ECM homeostasis and disc regeneration.
  • This innovative biomaterial holds significant potential for future clinical applications in managing low back pain associated with IVDD.