Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

44
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
44
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

54
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
54
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

18
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
18
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

25
DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
25
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

25
Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
25
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

52
Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
52

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Commentary on: Inspiratory Muscle Training, with or without Pulmonary Rehabilitation, for COPD: A Critical Appraisal of a Cochrane Review.

Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care·2025
Same author

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the mental health of emergency and urgent call-handlers and dispatchers.

Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)·2024
Same author

Recommendations for the implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Portugal-A consensus statement.

Pulmonology·2024
Same author

Health and social care: The link between social care deficiencies and health care pressures.

British journal of health care management·2024
Same author

Calcium supplementation for the prevention of hypertension: a synthesis of existing evidence and implications for practise.

British journal of cardiac nursing·2024
Same author

The impacts of Covid-19 on perinatal mental health - Part 2.

The practising midwife·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
12:33

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

Published on: December 31, 2013

9.3K

Constraint-induced movement therapy following stroke: a commentary.

D Lamb1, J E Hill2, R Santos2

  • 1North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust.

British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) shows promise for improving arm function in stroke survivors with preserved finger extension. This commentary critically appraises a recent review on CIMT efficiency and optimal protocols for rehabilitation.

More Related Videos

Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke
08:01

Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

Published on: July 10, 2014

11.9K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation with Robotic Technologies for Improved Motor Recovery and Functional Outcomes
04:49

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation with Robotic Technologies for Improved Motor Recovery and Functional Outcomes

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
12:33

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

Published on: December 31, 2013

9.3K
Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke
08:01

Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

Published on: July 10, 2014

11.9K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation with Robotic Technologies for Improved Motor Recovery and Functional Outcomes
04:49

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation with Robotic Technologies for Improved Motor Recovery and Functional Outcomes

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neurorehabilitation
  • Clinical Neurology
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Stroke affects over 113,000 UK patients annually, costing society £26 billion.
  • Approximately 70% of stroke survivors experience impaired arm function, impacting recovery.
  • Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is recommended for upper limb dysfunction post-stroke, particularly when finger extension is present.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically appraise the methodology of a recent systematic review by Yang et al. (2023) on CIMT.
  • To evaluate the efficiency of CIMT in stroke patients with preserved finger extension.
  • To discuss the optimal CIMT protocol for clinical practice based on existing evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Critical appraisal of a systematic review focusing on CIMT for stroke survivors.
  • Analysis of varying CIMT delivery protocols and patient sample groups (acute, subacute, chronic).
  • Expansion of findings within the context of current clinical practice.

Main Results:

  • Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has demonstrated potential in rehabilitating arm dysfunction in stroke survivors.
  • The efficiency and optimal protocol for CIMT delivery require further investigation across diverse patient groups.
  • Existing systematic reviews on CIMT vary in scope and methodology.

Conclusions:

  • CIMT is a recognized intervention for post-stroke arm impairment, especially with preserved finger extension.
  • Critical appraisal of systematic reviews is essential for refining clinical guidelines.
  • Further research is needed to establish definitive optimal CIMT protocols for stroke rehabilitation.