Determinants of professional identity among practitioners in China's hot spring-integrated care model

To identify key determinants of professional identity among practitioners within China's Hot Spring Medical and Long-term Care Integration with Rehabilitation Services (HS-MLR) model-an emerging field facing distinct occupational challenges. Understanding these factors is critical for formulating targeted strategies to enhance workforce sustainability.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 221 practitioners across 26 provinces. Data included sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, and professional identity was assessed using a validated multidimensional scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified dimensions of identity. Univariate and multivariable stepwise ordinal logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors.

The cohort was predominantly female (57.0%) and relatively young (90.1% aged 26-45 years), with only 16.4% holding a bachelor's degree or above. EFA revealed two dimensions of professional identity: Professional Value Recognition and Professional Practice Commitment. Multivariable analysis showed that continuing education as an independent predictor of Value Recognition, while perceived treatment effectiveness, social impact, and model acceptance predicted Practice Commitment. Overall, only 47.1% of respondents reported a satisfactory or higher level of professional identity.

Professional identity among HS-MLR practitioners remains moderately low. Key determinants include continuing education, perceived therapeutic efficacy, social value, and belief in the model. A dual-pathway interventions strategy-enhancing continuous professional development and reinforcing perceived social and clinical value-is recommended to improve workforce sustainability and service quality in this emerging sector.